jueves, mayo 03, 2007

Medicina: Alteraciones de la piel

Vamos a hablar un poco de términos médicos y de salud en la piel, que es importantísima, no solo para lucir un buen aspecto físico, sino para que nos sintamos bien, pues algunas de las siguientes alteraciones son muy molestas y otras dolorosas.
De entrada, una esteticista no debe tratar nunca una enfermedad o alteracion médica, debe remitir a la clienta al medico especialista, en este caso, al dermatólogo, pero en ocasiones, hay alteraciones que SÍ tratamos nosotras como profesionales, vease el caso del comedón o punto negro.

Las alteraciones de la piel se pueden deber a varios factores y se localizan en varios puntos de esta, veamos algunos casos:


  • Melanina --> Alteraciones en la pigmentación como son nevus, lunares...
  • Queratina--> Alteraciones de la queratinización como la psoriasis, el excema...
  • Sudoríparas--> Alteraciones de las glándulas sudoríparas (hiperhidrosis)
  • Sebáceas --> Alteraciones de las glándulas sebaceas (seborrea)
  • Pelo --> Alteraciones del folículo piloso como la hipertricosis, el hirsurtismo...
  • Uñas --> Alteraciones en las uñas como son las uñas azuladas, la micosis...
  • Circulación --> Alteraciones en la circulación (eritemas, cuperosis...)
  • Dermis-hipodermis --> Alteraciones en la dermis-hipodermis como la celulitis, las estrías...

Estas alteraciones y muchas otras que entran dentro de los grupos antes mencionados son causadas por dos factores en general que son los íntrinsicos, es decir que el problema viene de dentro, la alteracion se produce por un desarreglo en la glandula o el órgano en si, y los extrínsicos, que son aquellos casos en los que el problema viene de fuera: infecciones, accion de productos quimicos...
Entre los factores íntrinsicos encontramos desequilibrios hormonales del sistema endoncrino como en el caso del acné, hirsurtismo o cloasmas que aparecen en el embarazo, otro factor íntrinsico es el sistema nervioso que juega un importante papel en algunos desarreglos en la piel como son la alopecia, la onicofagia, el dermografismop o la sudoración, otro factor que tenemos que tener en cuenta es la heréncia genética que a veces se produce en el caso de la calvicie, la psoriasis, las canas... la edad tambien es un factor íntrinsico que causa arrugas, manchas en la piel y otros transtornos y por supuesto, muy a tener en cuenta, la alimentación, "somos lo que comemos" y los problemas nutricionales acarrean muchas alteraciones tras de si.
Como factores extrínsico están los mecánicos, que son aquellos producidos por traumatismos, en el caso de los hematomas, desgarros en el caso de las heridas y cicatrices o los roces y presiones como son los casos de eritemas, ampollas y demas. Otro factor externo es el caso de los factores físicos, como el frío que provoca algunas lesiones como la congelacion y el posterior sabañón, o el calor con sus quemaduras y eritemas, las radiaciones solares que producen cancer y envejecimiento, el viento con su habitual deshidratación o la humedad y las infecciones que acarrea (micosis). Otro factor extrínsico a tener en cuenta?? Los factores químicos con los que entramos en contacto a diario todos: los detergentes, cosméticos, medicamentos... estos son capaces de producir dermatitis irritativas o alergicas. Y por ultimo los factores bioquímicos como las bacterias, los virus causantes de los herpes, los hongos o los parasitos como el caso de los piojos y la sarna.

Vamos a citar algunas de las lesiones mas elementales y que son en unas breves lineas:

  • Mácula: mancha o cambio de color en la piel que puede ser pigmantaria, acrómica, vitiligo o vascular.
  • Pápula: Lesión salida, de color rojizo en la epidermis.
  • Vesícula: Lesión elevada, localizada en la epidermis que contiene líquido seroso.
  • Roncha o habón: Protuberancia de color rosado acompañado de hinchazón y picor.
  • Comedón: Tambien llamado poro o punto negro, es un grano sebáceo que contiene en su interior un filamento seborreico endurecido, presentando en el exterior el famoso punto negro.
  • Flemón: Inflamación del tejido subjuntivo con tendencia a formar pus.
  • Absceso: Acumulación de pus en la zona profunda de la piel, cuando salen al exterior se les denomina fístula.
  • Quiste: Similar a un absceso, acumulación de líquido o grasa en una cavidad globular rodeada de una membrana propia.
  • Excoriación: Erosión epidérmica producida por el rocer o rascado.
  • Ulcera: Destrucción de la piel más profunda.
  • Cicatriz: Tejido que se forma tras la separación de una herida. Es rica en tejido fibroso.
  • Queloide: Cicatriz hipertrófica muy rica en tejido fibroso.
  • Escama: Laminilla cóirnea que se desprende de la epidermis.
  • Liquenificación: Lesiones en placa con la piel espesada, inflamada y de color rojizo. Superficie estriada y descamativa acompañada de picor.
Estas son las alteraciones mas comunes y el factor que las provoca, otro dia hablaremos mas ampliamente de las glandulas sebaceas y sudoriparas y de sus alteraciones, es un tema mas que interesante, pero por hoy... ya teneis bastante medicina!






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